What Are Geologic Maps and Why Are They Important?Ī geologic map uses lines, symbols, and colors to illustrate information about the nature and distribution of rock units within an area ( Figure 16.1). Figure A represents two road cuts, or cliff faces, exposed along a road way.\) You can see that at first glance, the road cuts look almost identical as they both expose the same four types of rock: granite, sandstone, limestone, and shale.ġ. As a quick review from Labs 4, 5, and 6, how did each of these rocks form? Briefly summarize the origin of each rock in the table below. Examine the two road cuts carefully, and using the principles of stratigraphy, write a point-form geologic history for each road cut. A geologic history is a written sequence of events that describes what geological processes happened in the past to produce the stratigraphy in a given area, like a timeline.
Your geologic history should use proper terms to describe each event. For example, we would say that a sedimentary rock was deposited and then lithified. We would not say that a sedimentary rock “intruded” or “erupted” because these terms are reserved for intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, respectively. If there are any unconformities present, identify which type (review Figure 7.2.6) and briefly describe what the unconformity represents. Which key principle of stratigraphy helped you determine the difference between the two road cuts? Do the two road cuts share the same geologic history? Why or why not?Ĥ. Road cuts and naturally-occurring cliffs provide us with a view into the subsurface to help us understand the nature of the layers of rock beneath our feet. Another way to visualize the subsurface is using a block diagram, or block model (Figure B). The top of the diagram shows the plan view, or map view, of the Earth’s surface. The sides of the diagram show two different cross-sectional views down into the subsurface. These vertical cross-sections illustrate the geology below the surface. We can see in Figure B, for example, that at the surface there is an active volcano (venting steam) that is connected at depth to a shallow magma chamber (E). The letters shown in this diagram, and in all the figures in this lab, are randomly assigned. In Figure B, layers G, H, J, and K are all sedimentary. Write a point-form geologic history for Figure B in the table below. Justification (which principle of stratigraphy did you use?)Ħ. Write a point-form geologic history for Figure C in the table below. Specify which stratigraphic principle(s) you used to justify the position of each event in the timeline. If there are any unconformities present, identify which type and briefly describe what the unconformity represents. This might include: a period of uplift and erosion, a period of non-deposition, or both. All the units in Figure C are sedimentary rocks, except B which represents an erosional surface. In the space below, write a short paragraph (<150 words) describing the geologic history for Figure D using complete sentences.
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